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Real Estate Salesperson Exam (National Portion)

The Real Estate Exam: National Portion

The real estate exam is the licensing exam for salespersons, and it comes in two parts: a national (general) portion on principles that hold in every state, and a state portion on that state's own license law. In Pearson VUE's national outline the general portion is 85 questions, 80 of them scored, across eight content areas, and the state handbooks we checked allow 2 hours 30 minutes for it. Eligibility, fees, the passing score and retake rules are set by each state's real estate regulator, not by the exam vendor.

At a glance

Questions85 (80 scored, 5 unscored)The national portion only. Your state adds its own law portion, with its own length and time limit.
Time limit2 hours 30 minutesConfirmed in three state candidate handbooks (Kansas, Nevada and Arizona). Each state sets its own time limit, so check yours.
DeliveryComputer-based at Pearson VUE test centers in the states that contract with Pearson VUE. The national/general portion is taken alongside a separately timed state-law portion.
EligibilitySet by each state's real estate regulator, not by the exam vendor. States typically set a minimum age, an education requirement and an approved pre-licensing course to complete before the exam.
Passing standardSet by each state regulator and reported as pass or fail. The national and state portions are scored separately.
RetakesSet by each state: how soon a retake can be scheduled, and whether a candidate who passes one portion retakes only the other.
Outline in forcePearson VUE Real Estate National/General Exam Content Outline for Salespersons (document #091705, 04/2025), effective April 24, 2025

Exam facts are taken from Pearson VUE’s own published material, last checked October 2, 2026. Source. Confirm fees, dates and rules with the organization you register with before you book.

One exam, two portions, and more than one vendor

A salesperson licensing exam is two tests taken together. The national, or general, portion covers what does not change at a state line: property and ownership, contracts and agency, valuation, financing, disclosures, practice and math. The state portion covers that state's license law and rules, and it differs in content, length and timing from one state to the next.

The exams are not all written by the same organization either. States contract with Pearson VUE, with PSI or with another vendor, and some write their own. This page describes the national portion as Pearson VUE builds it. Another vendor's national outline has a different structure and different weights, and we have not reviewed it, so treat the numbers here as applying in Pearson VUE states only.

Your state's real estate regulator and its candidate handbook say which vendor you will sit with and which outline applies to you. That is the first thing to find out.

The national portion: format

85 multiple-choice questions on a computer at a Pearson VUE test center. 80 are scored. The outline states 5 unscored pretest questions, which are not identified; at least one state handbook gives a range of 5 to 10 instead, so the total you see may be a little higher.

The time limit is set by each state. 2 hours 30 minutes for the general portion is confirmed in the Kansas, Nevada and Arizona candidate handbooks, and where it applies it works out at about 106 seconds a question. The state portion is timed separately.

The outline classifies its questions as knowledge, application or analysis. Some ask for a term or a rule; others give a set of facts and ask what follows from them.

What the national portion tests

Pearson VUE publishes the number of scored questions in each of the eight content areas. Out of 80:

  • Real Estate Contracts and Agency: 16 questions (20%).
  • Real Property Characteristics, Legal Descriptions, and Property Use: 11 questions.
  • Property Value and Appraisal: 11 questions.
  • Real Estate Practice, which includes fair housing: 10 questions.
  • Forms of Ownership, Transfer, and Recording of Title: 9 questions.
  • Property Disclosures and Environmental Issues: 9 questions.
  • Financing and Settlement: 7 questions.
  • Real Estate Math Calculations: 7 questions.

What your state decides

Almost everything a candidate wants to know about cost and rules is decided by the state, and the answers differ. The examples below come from candidate handbooks we checked. They are here to show the spread, not to describe your state.

  • Who may sit the exam. Each state's regulator sets the age, education and pre-licensing course requirements.
  • The fee. There is no single figure. Among the handbooks checked it ran from $70 to $100.
  • The passing score. Set by each state together with the vendor, and reported on a scaled score.
  • The calculator. One state builds a calculator into the exam and bans personal ones; another has candidates bring a silent, non-printing handheld calculator.
  • Retakes. Two of the handbooks we checked require a 24-hour wait before a retake can be scheduled, and one lets a candidate who has passed one portion retake only the other, within six months.

How it is scored

The result is reported as pass or fail on a scaled score, against a standard each state sets with the vendor. A scaled score is not a percentage of questions correct, so a scaled 70 does not mean 70 percent.

Whether the two portions are passed separately, and whether a pass on one is kept while you retake the other, is a state rule. Your handbook covers it.

Pearson VUE publishes no pass rate in the documents we reviewed, so this page gives none, and this site publishes no pass rate of its own.

What this site covers, and what it does not

The question bank here follows Pearson VUE's national outline and nothing else. It does not cover any state's law portion, and there are no state-specific pages or banks.

It is also exam practice, not education. Where a state requires an approved pre-licensing course before the exam, practice questions on this site are not such a course and do not count toward that state's required hours.

What is tested

The 8 domains of the current outline and the share of the exam each one carries.

DomainWeightWhat it covers
IReal Property Characteristics, Legal Descriptions, and Property Use4 tasks13.8%
  • Distinguish real property from personal property, including fixtures, trade fixtures, emblements, attachment and severance, and transfer by bill of sale.
  • Explain the economic traits of real property (scarcity, improvements, permanence of investment, location preference) and its physical traits (immobility, indestructibility, uniqueness).
  • Identify the methods used to describe land legally and the role of a survey.
  • and 1 more task
IIForms of Ownership, Transfer, and Recording of Title2 tasks11.3%
  • Compare forms of ownership, freehold and leasehold estates, lease types, liens and their priority, and air, surface and subsurface rights.
  • Explain what makes a deed valid, the types of deed, voluntary and involuntary transfer of title, recording and notice, and how title is evidenced and insured.
IIIProperty Value and Appraisal3 tasks13.8%
  • Distinguish market value from market price and apply the characteristics and principles of value.
  • Describe the purpose and steps of an appraisal and the federal oversight of appraisal practice.
  • Apply the sales comparison, cost and income approaches and rent or income multipliers, and distinguish a CMA, a broker price opinion and assessed value.
IVReal Estate Contracts and Agency7 tasks20%
  • Classify contracts as express or implied and as unilateral or bilateral.
  • Identify what a valid contract requires: voluntary agreement, legally competent parties, lawful consideration and a legal purpose.
  • Assess contract status and performance: executed vs. executory, valid, void, voidable or unenforceable, breach and damages, the Statute of Frauds, electronic signatures and time-is-of-the-essence terms.
  • and 4 more tasks
VReal Estate Practice4 tasks12.5%
  • Explain a broker's responsibilities, including staying within one's expertise and avoiding the unauthorized practice of law.
  • Compare listing agreements, buyer representation and property management agreements, how they terminate and how services and compensation are set.
  • Apply fair housing law: protected classes, illegal practices and penalties, advertising limits, HUD's role and the ADA.
  • and 1 more task
VIProperty Disclosures and Environmental Issues2 tasks11.3%
  • Recognize property condition and environmental hazards (lead paint, asbestos, radon, mold, contamination, flood zones) and the federal environmental laws and site assessments that apply.
  • Explain who must disclose environmental and property conditions and the liability for failing to do so.
VIIFinancing and Settlement4 tasks8.8%
  • Explain financing basics: conventional and nonconventional loans, seller financing, lien vs. title theory, primary and secondary mortgage markets, loan types and mortgage clauses.
  • Compare FHA, VA, USDA and conventional loan requirements, buyer qualification and loan-to-value, and required hazard, flood and mortgage insurance.
  • Apply federal lending rules: TILA and Regulation Z, TRID disclosures under the CFPB, RESPA limits on referrals and rebates, ECOA, and rules against mortgage fraud and predatory lending.
  • and 1 more task
VIIIReal Estate Math Calculations7 tasks8.8%
  • Calculate property area in square feet and in acres.
  • Calculate valuation figures: CMA comparisons, net operating income, capitalization rate, equity, listing price, and assessed value and property tax.
  • Calculate commissions and other compensation.
  • and 4 more tasks

Practice for the Real Estate exam

See how you would do on questions written to the same outline before you pay the exam fee.

The free Real Estate diagnostic is being prepared and is not open yet. The exam facts and the content outline on this page are current.

The Real Estate exam: common questions

How hard is the real estate exam?

There is no published pass rate in Pearson VUE's documents to answer with, and each state sets its own passing standard. What the format tells you about the national portion: 80 scored questions across eight content areas, the largest being contracts and agency at 20%, with 7 questions of math, and a separately timed state-law portion on top. The national portion is broad and vocabulary-heavy; preparing for it alone leaves the state portion unprepared.

How many questions are on the real estate exam?

In Pearson VUE's national outline the general portion has 80 scored questions and 5 unscored pretest questions. Your state's portion adds its own questions, and that number varies by state.

How long is the real estate exam?

Each state sets the time. 2 hours 30 minutes for the national portion is what the three state handbooks we checked allow; the state portion has its own time limit.

Is the real estate exam the same in every state?

No. The state portion is different everywhere. The national portion is shared among states that use the same vendor's outline, but states use different vendors, and their national outlines differ in structure and weighting.

What score do I need to pass the real estate exam?

Your state sets it with the exam vendor, and results are reported as pass or fail on a scaled score, which is not a percentage of questions correct. Check your state's candidate handbook for the figure.

How much does the real estate exam cost?

The fee is set state by state. In the handbooks we checked it ranged from $70 to $100. Your state's handbook has the current figure and says whether it is charged per exam or per portion.

Can the exam be taken online?

We could not confirm online-proctored delivery for these exams, and it probably varies by state. The documents we reviewed describe computer-based testing at Pearson VUE test centers. Ask your state's regulator or check its handbook.

Is a calculator allowed on the national portion?

That depends on the state. Among the handbooks we checked, one state builds a calculator into the exam and does not allow your own, and another has candidates bring a silent, non-printing handheld one. Check before test day, and practice the math with a basic calculator either way.

Do I have to take a pre-licensing course first?

That is up to your state's regulator. Many states require an approved pre-licensing course before the exam, and each sets its own hours. This site is not a pre-licensing course and does not satisfy any such requirement.

The National/General real estate examination and its content outline are produced by Pearson VUE for state real estate regulators; the Pearson VUE name belongs to Pearson and is used here only to identify the exam vendor. This site is an independent study resource and is not affiliated with, sponsored by or endorsed by Pearson VUE or any state real estate commission.